Patents: elements required to be granted a patent

• Subject matter: living organisms, YES; math, NO (see Diamond v. Chakrabarty)
• Novelty/Non-obviousness
• Utility/Usefulness
  
• Non-triviality
• Adequate Disclosure: enablement and written description

See Patent Act Section 101: Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.